HPV and You: Why Prevention Matters

What is HPV?
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common viral infections affecting both men and women. It spreads through skin-to-skin contact, primarily through sexual activity, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. Many HPV infections go away on their own without causing any symptoms. However, some strains of the virus can lead to serious health issues, such as genital warts and certain cancers, including cervical, anal, and throat cancers.¹

How Does HPV Spread?
HPV is highly contagious and can be transmitted even if an infected person has no visible symptoms. Unlike some infections, HPV does not require penetration to spread—it can be passed through any form of intimate skin contact. Because it is so common, nearly all sexually active individuals will contract HPV at some point in their lives unless they take preventive measures.²

What Does It Cause?
While most HPV infections clear up on their own, persistent infections with high-risk HPV types can cause abnormal cell growth, leading to cancer over time. In particular, HPV is responsible for nearly all cases of cervical cancer. It is also linked to other cancers, including those of the vulva, vagina, penis, anus, and throat.² In addition to cancer risks, low-risk HPV strains can cause genital warts, which, while not life-threatening, can cause discomfort and emotional distress.²

Prevention: How to Protect Yourself

1. Vaccination
   The HPV vaccine is the most effective way to prevent infection and its associated health risks. The vaccine is recommended for both males and females, ideally before they become sexually active, but it can also provide benefits later in life. It helps protect against the most dangerous strains of HPV, significantly reducing the risk of cervical cancer and other HPV-related diseases.³
2. Safe Sex Practices
   Using condoms and dental dams can reduce the risk of HPV transmission, though they do not provide full protection since HPV can infect areas not covered by a condom. Limiting the number of sexual partners and ensuring open communication about sexual health with partners can also help lower the risk of exposure.⁴
3. Regular Health Screenings
   Routine Pap smears and HPV tests can help detect abnormal cell changes early, allowing for timely medical intervention. Women are encouraged to undergo cervical cancer screening as recommended by healthcare professionals. Early detection can significantly improve treatment outcomes.⁵

Conclusion
HPV is a common yet preventable infection that can lead to serious health consequences if left unmanaged. By getting vaccinated, practicing safe sex, and undergoing regular health screenings, individuals can protect themselves and reduce the risk of HPV-related diseases as much as they can. If you have concerns or questions about HPV prevention, you are welcome to speak with our pharmacist at any CARiNG Pharmacy outlet, for more information, as well as on available vaccines and screening options. 

References:

1. Human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer. World Health Organization. (Web accessed March 2025). Web link: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/human-papillomavirus-(hpv)-and-cervical-cancer 
2. The link between HPV and cancer. National Cancer Institute. (Web accessed March 2025). Web link: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hpv-and-cancer 
3. HPV Vaccine Recommendations. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (Web accessed March 2025). Web link: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/hpv/hcp/recommendations.html
4. About Genital HPV Infection. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (Web accessed March 2025). Web link: https://www.cdc.gov/sti/about/about-genital-hpv-infection.html
5. The American Cancer Society Guidelines for The Prevention and Early Detection of Cervical Cancer. American Cancer Society. (Web accessed March 2025). https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/cervical-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/cervical-cancer-screening-guidelines.html