心脏
心房颤动
心房颤动是一种常见的持续性心律失常。这种情况发生时，心房（上部心脏）失去了正常的收缩功能，导致心房的跳动变得快速且凌乱。这也导致了心跳过速其不规则和心脏泵血功能降低。
上图于美国疾病预防控制中心(US Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, CDC)截取。图中显示了普通心脏与心房颤动的分别。
心房颤动类型
阵发性房颤
如字面上所示，阵发性房颤在发生后的24小时内会自行恢复正常，但有时会持续至7天。
持续性房颤
若房颤持续超过7天且不能自行恢复正常，会被归类为持续性房颤。必须及早接受治疗，以避免恶化成永久性房颤。
永久性房颤
心脏无法恢复正常节律超过一年。
心房颤动增加中风的风险
心房颤动将导致缺血性中风的风险提高4至5倍。
那这是为什么？
心房颤动导致心跳不规律和血流受阻。这种情况下血小板较容易粘在一起形成血块。当有血块的血流到达脑部时就会造成脑部血管阻塞，导致中风。
心房颤动的诱因
- 年龄
随着年龄增长，患病率也随之提高。65岁以上的患病率更高。 - 其他病史
患有高血压、心脏病、冠心病、甲状腺功能异常等将提高患病风险。
- 生活习惯
抽烟、喝酒、过胖和压力过大。
- 手术
心脏、肺部或食道手术后的前几个星期是患病的高风险期。 - 家族病史
若家人曾经患有心房颤动，您患病的机率也可能提高。
如何降低患病风险？
- 保持健康体重
- 戒酒
- 戒烟
- 控制血压
- 舒缓压力
如何知道是否患有心房颤动？
医生会通过一系列的检查，例如通过您的病例、家族病史、心电图等来诊断是否有心房颤动。
参考:
- Atrial Fibrillation | cdc.gov [Internet]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2020 [cited 26 December 2020]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/atrial_fibrillation.htm
- Which Type of Atrial Fibrillation Do You Have? [Internet]. WebMD. 2020 [cited 26 December 2020]. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/atrial-fibrillation/types-atrial-fibrillation
- Atrial fibrillation – Symptoms and causes [Internet]. Mayo Clinic. 2020 [cited 26 December 2020]. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atrial-fibrillation/symptoms-causes/syc-20350624
- Atrial Fibrillation | NHLBI, NIH [Internet]. Nhlbi.nih.gov. 2020 [cited 26 December 2020]. Available from: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/atrial-fibrillation
Latest Health Info
Get Vaccinated, Stay Protected! 💉
What is Vaccination? Vaccination is a way to protect your body from getting sick by teaching your immune system how ...
What You Should Know About HMPV
As of January 2025, reports have emerged of an outbreak of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) in China. HMPV is a virus ...
Flu Vaccines: Should we go North or South?
Flu shots are very much like seasonal fashion trends—every year, they get updated to match what’s “in” (or in this ...