The Omicron Variant: What We Know So Far

The Omicron Variant  ^1,2

SARS-CoV-2 constantly changes through mutation. Scientists compare genetic differences between viruses to classify the variants. Recently, a new Covid variant has been identified and reported to the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO named the B.1.1.529 as Omicron and classified it as a Variant of Concern (VOC).

SARS-CoV-2 Variant Classifications and Definitions ²

Variant of concern (VOC) refers to a variant that has been associated with significant changes in transmissibility, severity of disease, vaccine effectiveness, and diagnostic testing in global public health. Currently designated VOC include Delta and Omicron.

Variant being monitored (VBM) are variants known to have mutations that could present a future risk but evidence of actual impact is unclear and further monitoring is needed. Currently designated VBM are Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Epsilon, Eta, Iota, Kappa, Mu, Zeta

Why are Omicron Variants Concerning? ³

The concern is that it may be more contagious because it is rapidly replacing the Delta variant in South Africa. However, it is not clear whether infection with Omicron causes more severe disease compared to infections with other variants, including Delta.

The Latest Updates of Omicron in Malaysia ⁴

On 2 Dec 2021, the first case of Omicron was detected in Malaysia. Therefore, Malaysians need to accept the possibility that there are already Omicron variant cases in the country. However, the public should not panic as preventive steps and standard operating procedures (SOP) in Malaysia are very strict. It is important that we all practice the SOPs.

Effectiveness of Current Self Test Kit ⁷

The RTK-Antigen and RT-PCR tests are able to detect Covid-19 variants, including Omicron which were confirmed by experts from the Institute of Medical Research (IMR). In terms of effectiveness, further study is needed.

Keep The Mask On To Keep Omicron Out

Face masks are a simple way to help decrease coronavirus transmission and save lives because those who are pre-symptomatic can spread the virus before showing symptoms.  Fabric or cloth masks, surgical or medical masks, KF94, KN95, N95 which are the recommended masks that provide good protection and prevent getting and spreading viruses.

2 Ways to Layer ⁸

• Use a cloth mask that has multiple layers of fabric.
• Wear a cloth mask over a disposable mask to add additional layers; do not combine two disposable masks. The cloth mask should push the edges of the disposable mask against your face.

Do Not ⁸

Combine two disposable masks

• Disposable masks are not designed to fit tightly and wearing more than one will not improve fit.

Combine a KN95 mask with any other mask

• Only use one KN95 mask at a time

Conclusion

As Omicron has been designated a Variant of Concern, WHO is coordinating with a large number of researchers around the world to better understand Omicron, including its transmissibility and severity, as well as its potential to evade vaccines and cause reinfections. The most effective steps individuals can take to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 virus is to keep a physical distance of at least 1 metre from others; wear a well-fitting mask; avoid crowded spaces; keep hands clean;and get vaccinated when it’s their turn.